Fresh water is increasingly becoming a scarce resource in the world. An increase in its amount will be highly required in the future. This is due to the resultant increasing in the population, enhanced living standards and expansions experienced in the industrial sector and agricultural activities. Seawater technologies help in reducing the shortage of this vital resource.
Statistically the marine makes up 97% of the global aqua storage. Whereas the locked amount by the glaciers and ice caps amount to 2% of the total supply. The percentage available for human use is about 0.5%. Supplied by lakes and rivers. Water from the sea is neither suitable for consumption by humans nor industrial use. There by desalination being considered as an important alternative for sourcing out fresh water.
The process comprises division of the commodity into two. Fresh stream containing little concentration of salts dissolved while the other is heavily concentrated brime. Forms of energy are required for the above process and there by different inventions are being used. Various technologies have come up based on different platforms such as freezing, electro dialysis etc. But the two mostly used and have a promising future are the MSF and RO. Together with MED, they are predicted to be the dominant methods in future.
So what are some of the technologies used? Multiple-stage flash distillation is one of them. This one is based on the principle of flash evaporation. The resource is evaporated by reducing the pressure as opposed to raising temperature. The economies of the MSF heating technology are achieved by regenerative heating where the sea water flashing in each flash chamber or stage gives up some of its heat to its counterpart going through the flashing process.
Another method based on distillation is multiple effect distillation. Considered to thermodynamically efficient. It involves the sea water being undertaken through effects, these are a chain of evaporators. The effects use the law of reduction of pressure. Its economic efficiency is determined by the number of effects. This technology has been recently applied in the Arabian region but in comparison to its counterpart MSF it is still not very utilized although it is rising steadily.
We also have vapor compression distillation. Where through the vapor compression heating the sea water takes place. It applies the principle of reducing pressure in order to lower the boiling temperature. The heat absorbed from the condensation of vapor is utilized in heating the incoming marine aqua. This is achieved by use of steam jet. A compressor can also be used. This method is common in desalination units which run on small scale.
There is also the method of Reverse Osmosis (RO). Where external pressure, more than the osmotic pressure of the marine water, is applied thereby overcoming the osmotic pressure. Therefore leaving behind dissolved salts with the increase in their concentration. In the recent past various developments have emerged to assist in reducing operating cost of the RO plants.
Methods such as solar evaporation, freezing and potabilization are used but not as often as the ones described above.
Statistically the marine makes up 97% of the global aqua storage. Whereas the locked amount by the glaciers and ice caps amount to 2% of the total supply. The percentage available for human use is about 0.5%. Supplied by lakes and rivers. Water from the sea is neither suitable for consumption by humans nor industrial use. There by desalination being considered as an important alternative for sourcing out fresh water.
The process comprises division of the commodity into two. Fresh stream containing little concentration of salts dissolved while the other is heavily concentrated brime. Forms of energy are required for the above process and there by different inventions are being used. Various technologies have come up based on different platforms such as freezing, electro dialysis etc. But the two mostly used and have a promising future are the MSF and RO. Together with MED, they are predicted to be the dominant methods in future.
So what are some of the technologies used? Multiple-stage flash distillation is one of them. This one is based on the principle of flash evaporation. The resource is evaporated by reducing the pressure as opposed to raising temperature. The economies of the MSF heating technology are achieved by regenerative heating where the sea water flashing in each flash chamber or stage gives up some of its heat to its counterpart going through the flashing process.
Another method based on distillation is multiple effect distillation. Considered to thermodynamically efficient. It involves the sea water being undertaken through effects, these are a chain of evaporators. The effects use the law of reduction of pressure. Its economic efficiency is determined by the number of effects. This technology has been recently applied in the Arabian region but in comparison to its counterpart MSF it is still not very utilized although it is rising steadily.
We also have vapor compression distillation. Where through the vapor compression heating the sea water takes place. It applies the principle of reducing pressure in order to lower the boiling temperature. The heat absorbed from the condensation of vapor is utilized in heating the incoming marine aqua. This is achieved by use of steam jet. A compressor can also be used. This method is common in desalination units which run on small scale.
There is also the method of Reverse Osmosis (RO). Where external pressure, more than the osmotic pressure of the marine water, is applied thereby overcoming the osmotic pressure. Therefore leaving behind dissolved salts with the increase in their concentration. In the recent past various developments have emerged to assist in reducing operating cost of the RO plants.
Methods such as solar evaporation, freezing and potabilization are used but not as often as the ones described above.
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